Session Management Issues
Category: Authentication & Authorization
Severity: High
MITRE ATT&CK Mapping: T1539 (Steal Web Session Cookie)
Description
Problems with session handling, including session hijacking, fixation, and inadequate session termination, enabling attackers to compromise user sessions and gain unauthorized access.
Technical Details
Attack Vector
- Session hijacking attacks
- Session fixation vulnerabilities
- Inadequate session termination
- Session validation weaknesses
Common Techniques
- Session token theft
- Session fixation
- Session prediction
- Session replay attacks
Impact
- Session Hijacking: Unauthorized access to user sessions
- Account Takeover: Control over user accounts through session compromise
- Persistent Access: Long-term access through session manipulation
- Privacy Violation: Access to sensitive user data and actions
Detection Methods
Session Monitoring
- Monitor session creation and usage
- Track session anomalies
- Detect session hijacking
- Analyze session patterns
Token Analysis
- Monitor session token usage
- Track token generation
- Detect token manipulation
- Analyze token patterns
Mitigation Strategies
Session Security
- Implement secure session management
- Use secure session tokens
- Deploy session validation
- Monitor session usage
Token Protection
- Implement token security
- Use token rotation
- Deploy token validation
- Monitor token usage
Real-World Examples
Example 1: Session Fixation
def login(username, password, session_id=None):
# Session fixation vulnerability
if session_id:
session = get_session(session_id)
else:
session = create_session()
if authenticate_user(username, password):
session.user_id = username
return session
# Attack: Attacker provides session_id, then uses it after login
Example 2: Inadequate Session Termination
def logout(session_id):
# Inadequate session cleanup
session = get_session(session_id)
session.active = False
# Session data remains accessible
# Should: delete_session(session_id)
Example 3: Session Prediction
def create_session():
# Predictable session token generation
timestamp = int(time.time())
session_id = f"session_{timestamp}"
# Attack: Predict session tokens based on timing
# Should use: secure_random_token()
References & Sources
- Equixly - “MCP Servers: The New Security Nightmare”
- Philippe Bogaerts - “The Security Risks of Model Context Protocol (MCP)”
Related TTPs
Session management issues represent a critical vulnerability that can lead to complete account compromise and unauthorized access.