Vulnerability Tracking
Overview: Systematic identification, tracking, and management of security vulnerabilities in MCP systems.
Vulnerability tracking provides a comprehensive approach to identifying, assessing, and managing security vulnerabilities throughout the MCP system lifecycle. This enables proactive security management and risk mitigation.
Vulnerability Management System
Vulnerability Database
# Vulnerability tracking system
import time
import json
import uuid
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Any
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
class VulnerabilityStatus(Enum):
IDENTIFIED = "identified"
CONFIRMED = "confirmed"
TRIAGED = "triaged"
IN_PROGRESS = "in_progress"
RESOLVED = "resolved"
CLOSED = "closed"
WONT_FIX = "wont_fix"
class VulnerabilitySeverity(Enum):
CRITICAL = "critical"
HIGH = "high"
MEDIUM = "medium"
LOW = "low"
INFO = "info"
@dataclass
class Vulnerability:
id: str
title: str
description: str
severity: VulnerabilitySeverity
status: VulnerabilityStatus
affected_components: List[str]
discovered_date: float
reporter: str
assignee: Optional[str]
cvss_score: Optional[float]
cve_id: Optional[str]
remediation_steps: List[str]
metadata: Dict[str, Any]
tags: List[str]
class VulnerabilityTracker:
def __init__(self):
self.vulnerability_db = {}
self.scanner_manager = ScannerManager()
self.assessment_engine = AssessmentEngine()
self.notification_service = NotificationService()
self.remediation_manager = RemediationManager()
def create_vulnerability(self, vulnerability_data: Dict) -> str:
"""Create new vulnerability record"""
# Generate unique vulnerability ID
vuln_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
# Validate vulnerability data
validation_result = self.validate_vulnerability_data(vulnerability_data)
if not validation_result.valid:
raise ValueError(f"Invalid vulnerability data: {validation_result.error}")
# Create vulnerability object
vulnerability = Vulnerability(
id=vuln_id,
title=vulnerability_data["title"],
description=vulnerability_data["description"],
severity=VulnerabilitySeverity(vulnerability_data["severity"]),
status=VulnerabilityStatus.IDENTIFIED,
affected_components=vulnerability_data.get("affected_components", []),
discovered_date=time.time(),
reporter=vulnerability_data["reporter"],
assignee=None,
cvss_score=vulnerability_data.get("cvss_score"),
cve_id=vulnerability_data.get("cve_id"),
remediation_steps=[],
metadata=vulnerability_data.get("metadata", {}),
tags=vulnerability_data.get("tags", [])
)
# Store vulnerability
self.vulnerability_db[vuln_id] = vulnerability
# Trigger initial assessment
self.assess_vulnerability(vuln_id)
# Send notifications
self.notification_service.send_vulnerability_notification(vulnerability)
return vuln_id
def assess_vulnerability(self, vuln_id: str) -> AssessmentResult:
"""Assess vulnerability impact and priority"""
vulnerability = self.vulnerability_db.get(vuln_id)
if not vulnerability:
return AssessmentResult(success=False, error="Vulnerability not found")
# Perform technical assessment
technical_assessment = self.assessment_engine.assess_technical_impact(vulnerability)
# Perform business impact assessment
business_assessment = self.assessment_engine.assess_business_impact(vulnerability)
# Calculate risk score
risk_score = self.calculate_risk_score(technical_assessment, business_assessment)
# Determine priority
priority = self.determine_priority(vulnerability.severity, risk_score)
# Update vulnerability metadata
vulnerability.metadata.update({
"technical_assessment": technical_assessment,
"business_assessment": business_assessment,
"risk_score": risk_score,
"priority": priority,
"assessment_date": time.time()
})
# Update status
vulnerability.status = VulnerabilityStatus.TRIAGED
# Assign to appropriate team
assignee = self.assign_vulnerability(vulnerability)
vulnerability.assignee = assignee
return AssessmentResult(
success=True,
risk_score=risk_score,
priority=priority,
assignee=assignee
)
def update_vulnerability_status(self, vuln_id: str, new_status: VulnerabilityStatus, update_data: Dict) -> bool:
"""Update vulnerability status with tracking"""
vulnerability = self.vulnerability_db.get(vuln_id)
if not vulnerability:
return False
# Record status change
old_status = vulnerability.status
vulnerability.status = new_status
# Update metadata
vulnerability.metadata.setdefault("status_history", []).append({
"old_status": old_status.value,
"new_status": new_status.value,
"timestamp": time.time(),
"updated_by": update_data.get("updated_by"),
"comment": update_data.get("comment")
})
# Handle status-specific actions
if new_status == VulnerabilityStatus.IN_PROGRESS:
self.handle_in_progress_vulnerability(vulnerability)
elif new_status == VulnerabilityStatus.RESOLVED:
self.handle_resolved_vulnerability(vulnerability, update_data)
elif new_status == VulnerabilityStatus.CLOSED:
self.handle_closed_vulnerability(vulnerability)
# Send notifications
self.notification_service.send_status_update_notification(vulnerability, old_status, new_status)
return True
def handle_resolved_vulnerability(self, vulnerability: Vulnerability, update_data: Dict):
"""Handle resolved vulnerability"""
# Verify resolution
verification_result = self.verify_resolution(vulnerability, update_data)
if verification_result.verified:
# Update resolution metadata
vulnerability.metadata.update({
"resolution_date": time.time(),
"resolution_method": update_data.get("resolution_method"),
"resolution_notes": update_data.get("resolution_notes"),
"verification_results": verification_result.details
})
# Schedule follow-up verification
self.schedule_follow_up_verification(vulnerability)
else:
# Resolution verification failed, revert status
vulnerability.status = VulnerabilityStatus.IN_PROGRESS
vulnerability.metadata["resolution_verification_failed"] = {
"timestamp": time.time(),
"reason": verification_result.error
}
def verify_resolution(self, vulnerability: Vulnerability, update_data: Dict) -> VerificationResult:
"""Verify vulnerability resolution"""
verification_methods = [
self.verify_patch_deployment,
self.verify_configuration_change,
self.verify_access_control_update,
self.verify_scan_results
]
verification_results = []
for method in verification_methods:
if method.is_applicable(vulnerability, update_data):
result = method.verify(vulnerability, update_data)
verification_results.append(result)
# Determine overall verification result
all_verified = all(result.verified for result in verification_results)
return VerificationResult(
verified=all_verified,
details=verification_results,
error=None if all_verified else "Some verification checks failed"
)
Automated Vulnerability Scanning
Comprehensive Scanning System
# Automated vulnerability scanning
class VulnerabilityScanner:
def __init__(self):
self.scan_engines = {}
self.scan_scheduler = ScanScheduler()
self.result_processor = ResultProcessor()
self.false_positive_filter = FalsePositiveFilter()
def setup_scan_engines(self):
"""Setup various vulnerability scan engines"""
# Static code analysis
self.scan_engines["static_analysis"] = StaticAnalysisEngine()
# Dynamic analysis
self.scan_engines["dynamic_analysis"] = DynamicAnalysisEngine()
# Dependency scanning
self.scan_engines["dependency_scan"] = DependencyScanner()
# Infrastructure scanning
self.scan_engines["infrastructure_scan"] = InfrastructureScanner()
# Container scanning
self.scan_engines["container_scan"] = ContainerScanner()
# Configuration scanning
self.scan_engines["config_scan"] = ConfigurationScanner()
def schedule_scan(self, scan_config: Dict) -> str:
"""Schedule vulnerability scan"""
# Validate scan configuration
if not self.validate_scan_config(scan_config):
raise ValueError("Invalid scan configuration")
# Create scan job
scan_job = ScanJob(
id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
scan_type=scan_config["scan_type"],
target=scan_config["target"],
configuration=scan_config.get("configuration", {}),
scheduled_time=scan_config.get("scheduled_time", time.time()),
status="scheduled"
)
# Schedule scan
self.scan_scheduler.schedule_scan(scan_job)
return scan_job.id
def execute_scan(self, scan_job_id: str) -> ScanResult:
"""Execute vulnerability scan"""
# Get scan job
scan_job = self.scan_scheduler.get_scan_job(scan_job_id)
if not scan_job:
return ScanResult(success=False, error="Scan job not found")
# Update job status
scan_job.status = "running"
scan_job.start_time = time.time()
try:
# Get appropriate scan engine
scan_engine = self.scan_engines.get(scan_job.scan_type)
if not scan_engine:
return ScanResult(success=False, error="Unknown scan type")
# Execute scan
scan_results = scan_engine.scan(scan_job.target, scan_job.configuration)
# Process results
processed_results = self.result_processor.process_results(scan_results)
# Filter false positives
filtered_results = self.false_positive_filter.filter_results(processed_results)
# Update job status
scan_job.status = "completed"
scan_job.end_time = time.time()
scan_job.results = filtered_results
# Create vulnerabilities from results
vulnerabilities = self.create_vulnerabilities_from_results(filtered_results)
return ScanResult(
success=True,
vulnerabilities=vulnerabilities,
raw_results=scan_results,
processed_results=filtered_results
)
except Exception as e:
# Update job status
scan_job.status = "failed"
scan_job.end_time = time.time()
scan_job.error = str(e)
return ScanResult(success=False, error=str(e))
def create_vulnerabilities_from_results(self, scan_results: List[ScanFinding]) -> List[str]:
"""Create vulnerability records from scan results"""
vulnerability_ids = []
for finding in scan_results:
# Check if vulnerability already exists
existing_vuln = self.find_existing_vulnerability(finding)
if existing_vuln:
# Update existing vulnerability
self.update_existing_vulnerability(existing_vuln, finding)
else:
# Create new vulnerability
vuln_data = {
"title": finding.title,
"description": finding.description,
"severity": finding.severity,
"affected_components": finding.affected_components,
"reporter": "automated_scanner",
"cvss_score": finding.cvss_score,
"cve_id": finding.cve_id,
"metadata": {
"scan_finding": finding.to_dict(),
"scan_timestamp": time.time()
},
"tags": ["automated_scan", finding.scan_type]
}
vuln_id = self.create_vulnerability(vuln_data)
vulnerability_ids.append(vuln_id)
return vulnerability_ids
Risk Assessment and Prioritization
Risk-Based Vulnerability Management
# Risk-based vulnerability management
class RiskAssessmentEngine:
def __init__(self):
self.asset_inventory = AssetInventory()
self.threat_intelligence = ThreatIntelligence()
self.business_impact_analyzer = BusinessImpactAnalyzer()
def assess_vulnerability_risk(self, vulnerability: Vulnerability) -> RiskAssessment:
"""Assess comprehensive risk for vulnerability"""
# Technical risk assessment
technical_risk = self.assess_technical_risk(vulnerability)
# Business impact assessment
business_impact = self.assess_business_impact(vulnerability)
# Asset criticality assessment
asset_criticality = self.assess_asset_criticality(vulnerability)
# Threat landscape assessment
threat_assessment = self.assess_threat_landscape(vulnerability)
# Exploitability assessment
exploitability = self.assess_exploitability(vulnerability)
# Calculate composite risk score
risk_score = self.calculate_composite_risk_score(
technical_risk,
business_impact,
asset_criticality,
threat_assessment,
exploitability
)
# Determine risk level
risk_level = self.determine_risk_level(risk_score)
# Generate recommendations
recommendations = self.generate_risk_recommendations(
vulnerability,
risk_score,
risk_level
)
return RiskAssessment(
vulnerability_id=vulnerability.id,
risk_score=risk_score,
risk_level=risk_level,
technical_risk=technical_risk,
business_impact=business_impact,
asset_criticality=asset_criticality,
threat_assessment=threat_assessment,
exploitability=exploitability,
recommendations=recommendations
)
def assess_technical_risk(self, vulnerability: Vulnerability) -> TechnicalRiskAssessment:
"""Assess technical risk aspects"""
# CVSS score analysis
cvss_analysis = self.analyze_cvss_score(vulnerability.cvss_score)
# Attack vector analysis
attack_vector = self.analyze_attack_vector(vulnerability)
# Complexity analysis
complexity = self.analyze_attack_complexity(vulnerability)
# Privileges required
privileges_required = self.analyze_privileges_required(vulnerability)
# User interaction required
user_interaction = self.analyze_user_interaction(vulnerability)
return TechnicalRiskAssessment(
cvss_analysis=cvss_analysis,
attack_vector=attack_vector,
complexity=complexity,
privileges_required=privileges_required,
user_interaction=user_interaction
)
def assess_business_impact(self, vulnerability: Vulnerability) -> BusinessImpactAssessment:
"""Assess business impact of vulnerability"""
# Affected systems analysis
affected_systems = self.business_impact_analyzer.analyze_affected_systems(
vulnerability.affected_components
)
# Service disruption potential
service_disruption = self.business_impact_analyzer.assess_service_disruption(
vulnerability
)
# Data exposure risk
data_exposure = self.business_impact_analyzer.assess_data_exposure_risk(
vulnerability
)
# Compliance impact
compliance_impact = self.business_impact_analyzer.assess_compliance_impact(
vulnerability
)
# Financial impact
financial_impact = self.business_impact_analyzer.estimate_financial_impact(
vulnerability
)
return BusinessImpactAssessment(
affected_systems=affected_systems,
service_disruption=service_disruption,
data_exposure=data_exposure,
compliance_impact=compliance_impact,
financial_impact=financial_impact
)
def prioritize_vulnerabilities(self, vulnerabilities: List[Vulnerability]) -> List[VulnerabilityPriority]:
"""Prioritize vulnerabilities based on risk assessment"""
prioritized_vulnerabilities = []
for vulnerability in vulnerabilities:
# Assess risk
risk_assessment = self.assess_vulnerability_risk(vulnerability)
# Calculate priority score
priority_score = self.calculate_priority_score(risk_assessment)
# Determine SLA
sla = self.determine_remediation_sla(risk_assessment)
prioritized_vulnerabilities.append(VulnerabilityPriority(
vulnerability=vulnerability,
risk_assessment=risk_assessment,
priority_score=priority_score,
sla=sla
))
# Sort by priority score
prioritized_vulnerabilities.sort(key=lambda x: x.priority_score, reverse=True)
return prioritized_vulnerabilities
Vulnerability Remediation
Remediation Management System
# Vulnerability remediation management
class RemediationManager:
def __init__(self):
self.remediation_strategies = {}
self.patch_manager = PatchManager()
self.configuration_manager = ConfigurationManager()
self.workflow_engine = WorkflowEngine()
def create_remediation_plan(self, vulnerability: Vulnerability) -> RemediationPlan:
"""Create comprehensive remediation plan"""
# Analyze vulnerability characteristics
vuln_analysis = self.analyze_vulnerability_characteristics(vulnerability)
# Identify remediation options
remediation_options = self.identify_remediation_options(vuln_analysis)
# Evaluate remediation options
evaluated_options = self.evaluate_remediation_options(
vulnerability,
remediation_options
)
# Select optimal remediation strategy
selected_strategy = self.select_remediation_strategy(evaluated_options)
# Create detailed remediation steps
remediation_steps = self.create_remediation_steps(
vulnerability,
selected_strategy
)
# Estimate effort and timeline
effort_estimate = self.estimate_remediation_effort(remediation_steps)
# Create remediation plan
remediation_plan = RemediationPlan(
vulnerability_id=vulnerability.id,
strategy=selected_strategy,
steps=remediation_steps,
effort_estimate=effort_estimate,
timeline=self.create_remediation_timeline(remediation_steps),
resources_required=self.identify_required_resources(remediation_steps),
risks=self.identify_remediation_risks(selected_strategy),
testing_requirements=self.define_testing_requirements(vulnerability)
)
return remediation_plan
def execute_remediation(self, remediation_plan: RemediationPlan) -> RemediationResult:
"""Execute remediation plan"""
# Create workflow instance
workflow = self.workflow_engine.create_workflow(remediation_plan)
# Execute remediation steps
execution_results = []
for step in remediation_plan.steps:
try:
# Execute step
step_result = self.execute_remediation_step(step)
execution_results.append(step_result)
# Check if step failed
if not step_result.success:
# Handle step failure
failure_result = self.handle_step_failure(step, step_result)
if failure_result.should_abort:
# Abort remediation
return self.abort_remediation(remediation_plan, execution_results)
# Retry or continue based on failure handling
if failure_result.should_retry:
step_result = self.retry_remediation_step(step)
execution_results.append(step_result)
except Exception as e:
# Handle unexpected errors
error_result = RemediationStepResult(
step=step,
success=False,
error=str(e),
timestamp=time.time()
)
execution_results.append(error_result)
# Determine if error is fatal
if self.is_fatal_error(e):
return self.abort_remediation(remediation_plan, execution_results)
# Validate remediation
validation_result = self.validate_remediation(remediation_plan)
return RemediationResult(
success=validation_result.success,
execution_results=execution_results,
validation_result=validation_result,
completion_time=time.time()
)
def track_remediation_progress(self, remediation_plan: RemediationPlan) -> RemediationProgress:
"""Track remediation progress"""
# Get workflow status
workflow_status = self.workflow_engine.get_workflow_status(remediation_plan.workflow_id)
# Calculate completion percentage
completion_percentage = self.calculate_completion_percentage(workflow_status)
# Get current step
current_step = self.get_current_remediation_step(workflow_status)
# Estimate remaining time
remaining_time = self.estimate_remaining_time(workflow_status, remediation_plan)
# Check for blockers
blockers = self.identify_remediation_blockers(workflow_status)
return RemediationProgress(
remediation_plan_id=remediation_plan.id,
completion_percentage=completion_percentage,
current_step=current_step,
remaining_time=remaining_time,
blockers=blockers,
last_updated=time.time()
)
Vulnerability Reporting and Metrics
Comprehensive Reporting System
# Vulnerability reporting and metrics
class VulnerabilityReporter:
def __init__(self):
self.metrics_calculator = MetricsCalculator()
self.report_generator = ReportGenerator()
self.dashboard_manager = DashboardManager()
def generate_vulnerability_dashboard(self, time_period: int) -> VulnerabilityDashboard:
"""Generate comprehensive vulnerability dashboard"""
# Get vulnerabilities for time period
vulnerabilities = self.get_vulnerabilities_for_period(time_period)
# Calculate key metrics
metrics = self.calculate_vulnerability_metrics(vulnerabilities)
# Generate trend analysis
trends = self.analyze_vulnerability_trends(vulnerabilities, time_period)
# Get top vulnerabilities
top_vulnerabilities = self.get_top_vulnerabilities(vulnerabilities)
# Generate remediation status
remediation_status = self.get_remediation_status(vulnerabilities)
# Create dashboard
dashboard = VulnerabilityDashboard(
time_period=time_period,
metrics=metrics,
trends=trends,
top_vulnerabilities=top_vulnerabilities,
remediation_status=remediation_status,
charts=self.generate_vulnerability_charts(vulnerabilities)
)
return dashboard
def calculate_vulnerability_metrics(self, vulnerabilities: List[Vulnerability]) -> VulnerabilityMetrics:
"""Calculate comprehensive vulnerability metrics"""
total_vulnerabilities = len(vulnerabilities)
# Severity distribution
severity_distribution = {}
for severity in VulnerabilitySeverity:
count = len([v for v in vulnerabilities if v.severity == severity])
severity_distribution[severity.value] = count
# Status distribution
status_distribution = {}
for status in VulnerabilityStatus:
count = len([v for v in vulnerabilities if v.status == status])
status_distribution[status.value] = count
# Calculate resolution rates
resolved_vulnerabilities = [v for v in vulnerabilities if v.status == VulnerabilityStatus.RESOLVED]
resolution_rate = len(resolved_vulnerabilities) / total_vulnerabilities if total_vulnerabilities > 0 else 0
# Calculate mean time to resolution
mtr = self.calculate_mean_time_to_resolution(resolved_vulnerabilities)
# Calculate risk metrics
risk_metrics = self.calculate_risk_metrics(vulnerabilities)
return VulnerabilityMetrics(
total_vulnerabilities=total_vulnerabilities,
severity_distribution=severity_distribution,
status_distribution=status_distribution,
resolution_rate=resolution_rate,
mean_time_to_resolution=mtr,
risk_metrics=risk_metrics
)
def generate_executive_report(self, time_period: int) -> ExecutiveVulnerabilityReport:
"""Generate executive-level vulnerability report"""
# Get vulnerabilities
vulnerabilities = self.get_vulnerabilities_for_period(time_period)
# Calculate key metrics
metrics = self.calculate_vulnerability_metrics(vulnerabilities)
# Identify critical issues
critical_issues = [v for v in vulnerabilities if v.severity == VulnerabilitySeverity.CRITICAL]
# Calculate risk exposure
risk_exposure = self.calculate_risk_exposure(vulnerabilities)
# Generate recommendations
recommendations = self.generate_executive_recommendations(vulnerabilities, metrics)
# Create executive summary
executive_summary = self.create_executive_summary(
metrics,
critical_issues,
risk_exposure,
recommendations
)
return ExecutiveVulnerabilityReport(
reporting_period=time_period,
executive_summary=executive_summary,
key_metrics=metrics,
critical_issues=critical_issues,
risk_exposure=risk_exposure,
recommendations=recommendations
)
Integration and Automation
Automated Vulnerability Management
# Automated vulnerability management integration
class AutomatedVulnerabilityManager:
def __init__(self):
self.vulnerability_tracker = VulnerabilityTracker()
self.scanner = VulnerabilityScanner()
self.risk_assessor = RiskAssessmentEngine()
self.remediation_manager = RemediationManager()
self.notification_service = NotificationService()
def setup_automated_workflows(self):
"""Setup automated vulnerability management workflows"""
# Automated scanning workflow
self.setup_automated_scanning()
# Automated risk assessment workflow
self.setup_automated_risk_assessment()
# Automated remediation workflow
self.setup_automated_remediation()
# Automated reporting workflow
self.setup_automated_reporting()
def setup_automated_scanning(self):
"""Setup automated vulnerability scanning"""
# Schedule regular scans
scan_schedules = [
{"scan_type": "dependency_scan", "frequency": "daily"},
{"scan_type": "static_analysis", "frequency": "weekly"},
{"scan_type": "dynamic_analysis", "frequency": "weekly"},
{"scan_type": "infrastructure_scan", "frequency": "monthly"}
]
for schedule in scan_schedules:
self.scanner.schedule_recurring_scan(schedule)
def process_scan_results(self, scan_results: List[ScanFinding]):
"""Process scan results automatically"""
for finding in scan_results:
# Create or update vulnerability
vuln_id = self.create_or_update_vulnerability(finding)
# Assess risk
risk_assessment = self.risk_assessor.assess_vulnerability_risk(
self.vulnerability_tracker.get_vulnerability(vuln_id)
)
# Determine if automatic remediation is possible
if self.can_auto_remediate(risk_assessment):
self.initiate_automated_remediation(vuln_id)
else:
# Create remediation plan for manual execution
remediation_plan = self.remediation_manager.create_remediation_plan(
self.vulnerability_tracker.get_vulnerability(vuln_id)
)
# Notify responsible team
self.notification_service.send_remediation_notification(
vuln_id,
remediation_plan
)
Best Practices
Vulnerability Management Guidelines
- Continuous Scanning: Implement continuous vulnerability scanning
- Risk-Based Prioritization: Prioritize vulnerabilities based on risk assessment
- Automated Workflows: Automate vulnerability management workflows
- Comprehensive Tracking: Track vulnerabilities throughout their lifecycle
- Regular Reporting: Generate regular vulnerability reports and metrics
- Integration: Integrate with existing security tools and processes
- Remediation Verification: Verify vulnerability remediation effectiveness
- Knowledge Management: Maintain knowledge base of vulnerabilities and remediation
Common Challenges
- False Positives: Managing false positive vulnerability reports
- Tool Integration: Integrating multiple vulnerability scanning tools
- Prioritization: Effectively prioritizing vulnerabilities for remediation
- Remediation Tracking: Tracking remediation progress and effectiveness
- Resource Constraints: Managing limited resources for vulnerability remediation
- Compliance Requirements: Meeting regulatory vulnerability management requirements
Vulnerability Tracking provides comprehensive vulnerability management capabilities that enable organizations to systematically identify, assess, and remediate security vulnerabilities in MCP systems.